Background
Methods
Approach
Eligibility criteria
Searching and screening
Data extraction and analysis
Guideline quality assessment
Results
Search results (Fig. 1)
Guideline characteristics (Table 1)
Guideline | Country | Developer | CAM Category | Guideline Topic |
---|---|---|---|---|
Macaluso et al. 2022 [36] | Italy | Italian Group for the study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease | None | Pharmacologic management of moderate to severe UC |
Austria | European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation | Probiotics | Medical and surgical treatment of UC | |
De Simone et al. 2021 [39] | Italy; United States | World Society of Emergency Surgery; American Association for the Surgery of Trauma | None | Emergency management of IBD |
Feuerstein et al. 2021 [40] | United States | American Gastroenterological Association | None | Pharmacologic management of moderate to severe luminal and perianal fistulizing CD |
Holubar et al. 2021 [41] | United States | American Gastroenterological Association | None | Surgical management of UC |
Lodyga et al. 2021 [42] | Poland | Polish Society of Gastroenterology; Polish National Consultant in Gastroenterology | Vitamins and Minerals | Management of CD |
Miehlke et al. 2021 [43] | Austria; Sweden | United European Gastroenterolog; European Microscopic Colitis Group | Vitamins and Minerals | Management of microscopic colitis |
Nakase et al. 2021 [44] | Japan | Japanese Society of Gastroenterology | None | Management of IBD |
Adamina et al. 2020 [45] | Austria | European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation | None | Surgical treatment of CD |
Feuerstein et al. 2020 [46] | United States | American Gastroenterological Association | None | Management of moderate to severe UC |
Levine et al. 2020 [47] | United States | American Gastroenterological Association | Dietary Supplements | Dietary management of IBD |
Colombel et al. 2019 [48] | United States | American Gastroenterological Association | Fecal Microbiota Transplantation, Hypnotherapy, Mindfulness, Probiotics | Management of IBD functional gastrointestinal symptoms |
Lightner et al. 2020 [49] | United States | American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons | None | Surgical management of CD |
Shen et al. 2020 [50] | United States* | Global Interventional Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group | None | Endoscopic treatment of CD |
Torres et al. 2020 [51] | Austria | European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation | None | Pharmacologic treatment of CD |
Bonnaud et al. 2019 [52] | France | National Association of the Hepato-gastroenterologists of the National Hospitals Reflexion Club of the Practices and Groups in Hepato-gastroenterology Group for the Study of Treatments for Inflammatory Affectations of the Digestive Tube AFA Crohn-RCH France | None | Management of CD perianal fistulas |
Ko et al. 2019 [53] | United States | American Gastroenterological Association | Herbals, Probiotics | Management of mild to moderate UC |
Kucharzik et al. 2019 [54] | Germany | German Society for Gastroenterology, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases | Acupuncture, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation, Herbals, Mind-body Medicine, Probiotics | Management of UC |
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) 2019 [55] | United Kingdom | National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) | None | Management of UC |
Canada | Canadian Association of Gastroenterology | Cannabis, Dietary Supplements, Probiotics | Management of luminal CD | |
Rubin et al. 2019 [58] | United States | American College of Gastroenterology | Herbals, Probiotics | Management of UC in adults |
Sood et al. 2019 [59] | India* | Asian Working Group | Dietary Patterns, Probiotics | Dietary management of IBD |
Steinhart et al. 2019 [60] | Canada | Canadian Association of Gastroenterology | None | Management of perianal fistulizing CD |
Teixeira et al. 2019 [61] | Brazil | Brazilian Medical Association | None | Biologicals treatment of UC |
Zaltman et al. 2019 [62] | Brazil | Brazilian Medical Association | None | Biologicals treatment of CD |
Bemelman et al. 2018 [63] | Austria | European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation | None | Surgical treatment of CD |
Brown et al. 2018 [64] | United Kingdom | Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland | Fecal Microbiota Transplantation, Probiotics | Surgical treatment of IBD |
Lichtenstein et al. 2018 [65] | United States | American College of Gastroenterology | Dietary Therapies | Management of CD in adults |
Forbes et al. 2017 [66] | Luxembourg | European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism | Dietary Patterns, Dietary Supplements, Probiotics, Vitamins and Minerals | Nutritional management of IBD |
Gionchetti et al. 2017 [67] | Italy | Italian Group for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease | None | Corticosteroid and immunosuppressive treatment of IBD |
Nguyen et al. 2017 [68] | United States | American Gastroenterological Association | Probiotics | Management of CD in post-surgical resection patients |
Bernstein et al. 2016 [69] | Canada | World Gastroenterology Organisation | Cannabis, Ispaghula, Probiotics | Management of IBD |
Harbord et al. 2016 [70] | Austria | European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation | Vitamins and Minerals | Management of IBD extraintestinal manifestations |
Bressler et al. 2015 [71] | Canada | Canadian Association of Gastroenterology | Fecal Microbiota Transplantation, Probiotics | Management of UC in non-hospitalized patients |
Eliadou et al. 2015 [72] | New Zealand | New Zealand Society of Gastroenterology | Fecal Microbiota Transplantation | Management of refractory UC |
Fichera & Zoccali 2015 [73] | United States | Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation of America | Adipose-derived Stem Cells | Surgical treatment of perianal fistulizing CD |
Schwartz et al. 2015 [74] | United States | Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation of America | None | Management of perianal fistulizing CD |
Strong et al. 2015 [75] | United States | American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons | None | Surgical treatment of CD |
Gecse et al. 2014 [76] | United States | World Gastroenterology Organization | None | Management of perianal fistulizing CD |
Lee et al. 2014 [77] | United Kingdom | British Dietetic Association | Probiotics | Dietary management of CD |
Ross et al. 2014 [78] | United States | American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons | Probiotics | Surgical treatment of UC |
Gomollon et al. 2013 [79] | Spain | Spanish Group of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease | None | Management of UC |
Leung et al. 2013 [80] | China | Hong Kong IBD Society | None | Biological treatment of IBD |
Terdiman et al. 2013 [81] | United States | American Gastroenterological Association | None | Thiopurines, methotrexate, and anti-TNF-α treatment of CD |
Theede et al. 2013 [82] | Denmark | Danish Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology | None | Biologicals treatment of IBD |
Ueno et al. 2013 [83] | Japan | Guidelines Project Group of the Research Group of Intractable Inflammatory Bowel Disease | Dietary patterns | Management of CD |
Bitton et al. 2012 [84] | Canada | Canadian Association of Gastroenterology | None | Treatment of severe UC in hospitalized adults |
Mowat et al. 2011 [85] | United Kingdom | British Society of Gastroenterology | Dietary patterns, Probiotics, Vitamins and Minerals | Management of IBD in adults |
Orlando et al. 2011 [86] | Italy | Italian Society of Gastroenterology; Italian Group for the study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease | None | Anti-TNF-α treatment of IBD |
Guidelines mentioning CAM without recommendations
Average appraisal scores, average overall assessments and recommendations regarding use of guidelines: overall guideline (Table 2)
Guideline | Metric | Appraiser 1 | Appraiser 2 | Average | Standard Deviation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Overall) | Appraisal Score | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 0.0 |
Overall Assessment | 6.0 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 0.7 | |
(CAM Section) | Appraisal Score | 4.2 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 0.0 |
Overall Assessment | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 0.0 | |
Lodyga et al. 2021 [42] (Overall) | Appraisal Score | 3.9 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 0.0 |
Overall Assessment | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 0.0 | |
Lodyga et al. 2021 [42] (CAM Section) | Appraisal Score | 3.0 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 0.2 |
Overall Assessment | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 0.0 | |
Miehlke et al. 2021 [43] (Overall) | Appraisal Score | 5.0 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 0.2 |
Overall Assessment | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 0.0 | |
Miehlke et al. 2021 [43] (CAM Section) | Appraisal Score | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 0.0 |
Overall Assessment | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 0.0 | |
Levine et al. 2020 [47] (Overall) | Appraisal Score | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 0.1 |
Overall Assessment | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 0.0 | |
Levine et al. 2020 [47] (CAM Section) | Appraisal Score | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 0.0 |
Overall Assessment | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 0.0 | |
Colombel et al. 2019 [48] (Overall) | Appraisal Score | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 0.2 |
Overall Assessment | 4.0 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 0.7 | |
Colombel et al. 2019 [48] (CAM Section) | Appraisal Score | 3.5 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 0.3 |
Overall Assessment | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 0.0 | |
Ko et al. 2019 [53] (Overall) | Appraisal Score | 4.8 | 4.7 | 4.8 | 0.1 |
Overall Assessment | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 0.0 | |
Ko et al. 2019 [53] (CAM Section) | Appraisal Score | 4.3 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 0.2 |
Overall Assessment | 4.0 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 0.7 | |
Kucharzik et al. 2019 [54] (Overall) | Appraisal Score | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 0.1 |
Overall Assessment | 6.0 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 0.7 | |
Kucharzik et al. 2019 [54] (CAM Section) | Appraisal Score | 4.9 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 0.1 |
Overall Assessment | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 0.0 | |
Appraisal Score | 5.2 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 0.2 | |
Overall Assessment | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 0.0 | |
Appraisal Score | 4.3 | 4.6 | 4.4 | 0.2 | |
Overall Assessment | 4.0 | 5.0 | 4.5 | 0.7 | |
Sood et al. 2019 [59] (Overall) | Appraisal Score | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 0.1 |
Overall Assessment | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 0.0 | |
Sood et al. 2019 [59] (CAM Section) | Appraisal Score | 3.8 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 0.1 |
Overall Assessment | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 0.0 | |
Forbes et al. 2017 [66] (Overall) | Appraisal Score | 4.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 0.0 |
Overall Assessment | 5.0 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 0.7 | |
Forbes et al. 2017 [66] (CAM Section) | Appraisal Score | 4.5 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 0.1 |
Overall Assessment | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 0.0 | |
Nguyen et al. 2017 [68] (Overall) | Appraisal Score | 4.9 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 0.0 |
Overall Assessment | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 0.0 | |
Nguyen et al. 2017 [68] (CAM Section) | Appraisal Score | 4.0 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 0.2 |
Overall Assessment | 4.0 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 0.7 | |
Bernstein et al. 2016 [69] (Overall) | Appraisal Score | 3.5 | 4.0 | 3.7 | 0.3 |
Overall Assessment | 3.0 | 4.0 | 3.5 | 0.7 | |
Bernstein et al. 2016 [69] (CAM Section) | Appraisal Score | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 0.2 |
Overall Assessment | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 0.0 | |
Harbord et al. 2016 [70] (Overall) | Appraisal Score | 3.8 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 0.5 |
Overall Assessment | 4.0 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 0.7 | |
Harbord et al. 2016 [70] (CAM Section) | Appraisal Score | 3.0 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 0.2 |
Overall Assessment | 4.0 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 0.7 | |
Bressler et al. 2015 [71] (Overall) | Appraisal Score | 4.8 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 0.1 |
Overall Assessment | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 0.0 | |
Bressler et al. 2015 [71] (CAM Section) | Appraisal Score | 4.1 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 0.2 |
Overall Assessment | 4.0 | 5.0 | 4.5 | 0.7 | |
Eliadou et al. 2015 [72] (Overall) | Appraisal Score | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 0.1 |
Overall Assessment | 4.0 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 0.7 | |
Eliadou et al. 2015 [72] (CAM Section) | Appraisal Score | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 0.1 |
Overall Assessment | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 0.0 | |
Fichera & Zoccali 2015 [73] (Overall) | Appraisal Score | 3.3 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 0.2 |
Overall Assessment | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 0.0 | |
Fichera & Zoccali 2015 [73] (CAM Section) | Appraisal Score | 2.6 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 0.2 |
Overall Assessment | 3.0 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 0.7 | |
Lee et al. 2014 [77] (Overall) | Appraisal Score | 5.0 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 0.1 |
Overall Assessment | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 0.0 | |
Lee et al. 2014 [77] (CAM Section) | Appraisal Score | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 0.0 |
Overall Assessment | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 0.0 | |
Ueno et al. 2013 [83] (Overall) | Appraisal Score | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 0.0 |
Overall Assessment | 4.0 | 5.0 | 4.5 | 0.7 | |
Ueno et al. 2013 [83] (CAM Section) | Appraisal Score | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 0.0 |
Overall Assessment | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 0.0 | |
Mowat et al. 2011 [85] (Overall) | Appraisal Score | 4.7 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 0.1 |
Overall Assessment | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 0.0 | |
Mowat et al. 2011 [85] (CAM Section) | Appraisal Score | 3.8 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 0.1 |
Overall Assessment | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 0.0 |
Average appraisal scores, average overall assessments and recommendations regarding use of guidelines: CAM sections (Table 2)
Overall recommendations: overall guideline (Table 3)
Overall Guideline | CAM Section | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Guideline | Appraiser 1 | Appraiser 2 | Appraiser 1 | Appraiser 2 |
Yes | Yes with Modifications | No | Yes with Modifications | |
Lodyga et al. 2021 [42] | No | Yes with Modifications | No | Yes with Modifications |
Miehlke 2021 [43] | Yes with Modifications | Yes with Modifications | No | Yes with Modifications |
Levine et al. 2020 [47] | No | Yes with Modifications | No | No |
Colombel et al. 2019 [48] | No | No | No | No |
Ko et al. 2019 [53] | Yes with Modifications | Yes with Modifications | No | No |
Kucharzik et al. 2019 [54] | Yes | Yes with Modifications | Yes with Modifications | Yes with Modifications |
Yes with Modifications | Yes with Modifications | No | Yes with Modifications | |
Sood et al. 2019 [59] | No | Yes with Modifications | No | Yes with Modifications |
Forbes et al. 2017 [66] | Yes with Modifications | Yes with Modifications | No | Yes with Modifications |
Nguyen et al. 2017 [68] | Yes with Modifications | Yes with Modifications | No | No |
Bernstein et al. 2016 [69] | No | Yes with Modifications | No | No |
Harbord et al. 2016 [70] | No | No | No | No |
Bressler et al. 2015 [71] | Yes with Modifications | Yes with Modifications | No | Yes with Modifications |
Eliadou et al. 2015 [72] | No | No | No | No |
Fichera & Zoccali 2015 [73] | No | No | No | No |
Lee et al. 2014 [77] | Yes with Modifications | Yes with Modifications | No | Yes with Modifications |
Ueno et al. 2013 [83] | No | Yes with Modifications | No | Yes with Modifications |
Mowat et al. 2011 [85] | Yes with Modifications | Yes with Modifications | No | Yes with Modifications |
Overall recommendations: CAM sections (Table 3)
Scaled domain percentage quality assessment (Table 4)
Guideline | Domain score (%) | ||||||
Scope and purpose | Stakeholder involvement | Rigour of development | Clarity of presentation | Applicability | Editorial Independence | ||
Overall Guideline | 100.0 | 69.4 | 86.5 | 100.0 | 25.0 | 58.3 | |
CAM Section | 100.0 | 27.8 | 64.6 | 55.6 | 2.1 | 58.3 | |
Lodyga et al. 2021 [42] | Overall Guideline | 100.0 | 30.6 | 46.9 | 100.0 | 14.6 | 0.0 |
CAM Section | 100.0 | 13.9 | 32.3 | 69.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
Miehlke et al. 2021 [43] | Overall Guideline | 88.9 | 72.2 | 68.8 | 91.7 | 4.2 | 70.8 |
CAM Section | 88.9 | 33.3 | 63.5 | 52.8 | 2.1 | 70.8 | |
Levine et al. 2020 [47] | Overall Guideline | 91.7 | 47.2 | 43.8 | 77.8 | 0.0 | 50.0 |
CAM Section | 91.7 | 33.3 | 29.2 | 58.3 | 0.0 | 50.0 | |
Colombel et al. 2019 [48] | Overall Guideline | 86.1 | 44.4 | 26.0 | 94.4 | 6.25 | 50.0 |
CAM Section | 86.1 | 27.8 | 21.9 | 91.7 | 0.0 | 50 | |
Ko et al. 2019 [53] | Overall Guideline | 94.4 | 50.0 | 65.6 | 94.4 | 8.3 | 83.3 |
CAM Section | 94.4 | 25.0 | 59.4 | 69.4 | 0.0 | 83.3 | |
Kucharzik et al. 2019 [54] | Overall Guideline | 100.0 | 86.1 | 67.7 | 100.0 | 35.4 | 87.5 |
CAM Section | 100.0 | 94.4 | 54.2 | 94.4 | 6.3 | 87.5 | |
Overall Guideline | 100.0 | 91.7 | 67.7 | 100.0 | 10.4 | 91.7 | |
CAM Section | 100.0 | 33.3 | 62.5 | 77.8 | 0.0 | 91.7 | |
Sood et al. 2019 [59] | Overall Guideline | 91.7 | 38.9 | 58.3 | 83.3 | 14.6 | 75.0 |
CAM Section | 91.7 | 13.9 | 52.1 | 75.0 | 0.0 | 75.0 | |
Forbes et al. 2017 [66] | Overall Guideline | 86.1 | 30.6 | 60.4 | 94.4 | 27.1 | 100.0 |
CAM Section | 86.1 | 13.9 | 60.4 | 88.9 | 12.5 | 100.0 | |
Nguyen et al. 2017 [68] | Overall Guideline | 91.7 | 63.9 | 68.8 | 94.4 | 18.8 | 66.7 |
CAM Section | 91.7 | 22.2 | 60.4 | 55.6 | 0.0 | 66.7 | |
Bernstein et al. 2016 [69] | Overall Guideline | 97.2 | 52.8 | 28.1 | 75.0 | 25.0 | 25.0 |
CAM Section | 97.2 | 30.6 | 17.7 | 33.3 | 0.0 | 25.0 | |
Harbord et al. 2016 [70] | Overall Guideline | 80.6 | 33.3 | 29.2 | 91.7 | 12.5 | 29.2 |
CAM Section | 80.6 | 8.3 | 20.8 | 61.1 | 8.3 | 29.2 | |
Bressleret al. 2015 [71] | Overall Guideline | 97.2 | 58.3 | 66.7 | 100.0 | 4.2 | 91.7 |
CAM Section | 97.2 | 22.2 | 60.4 | 72.2 | 0.0 | 91.7 | |
Eliadou et al. 2015 [72] | Overall Guideline | 100.0 | 44.4 | 28.1 | 69.4 | 10.4 | 25.0 |
CAM Section | 100.0 | 16.7 | 22.9 | 27.8 | 0.0 | 25.0 | |
Fichera & Zoccali 2015 [73] | Overall Guideline | 72.2 | 30.6 | 34.4 | 86.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
CAM Section | 72.2 | 11.1 | 25.0 | 36.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
Lee et al. 2014 [77] | Overall Guideline | 100.0 | 80.6 | 76.0 | 83.3 | 18.8 | 45.8 |
CAM Section | 100.0 | 33.3 | 72.9 | 47.2 | 4.2 | 45.8 | |
Ueno et al. 2013 [83] | Overall Guideline | 83.3 | 80.6 | 56.3 | 88.9 | 4.2 | 83.3 |
CAM Section | 83.3 | 33.3 | 43.8 | 55.6 | 2.1 | 83.3 | |
Mowat et al. 2011 [85] | Overall Guideline | 77.8 | 72.2 | 59.4 | 91.7 | 37.5 | 50.0 |
CAM Section | 77.8 | 33.3 | 47.9 | 94.4 | 2.1 | 50.0 |